A special National Investigative Agency (NIA) court in New Delhi sentenced Kashmiri separatist leader Aasiya Andrabi to three life terms on March 24. Andrabi, 64, founded the banned all-women’s group Dukhtaran-e-Millat (DeM). Her associates Sofi Fehmeeda, 36, and Nahida Nasreen, 61, received 30-year prison terms. The three were arrested in 2018 under India’s Unlawful Activities Prevention Act (UAPA) and sections of the Indian Penal Code. The court dropped major terrorism charges but convicted Andrabi for provoking hostility between communities, undermining national integration, and instigating public disorder.

Legal experts and activists condemned the verdict, calling it part of a broader pattern of India’s suppression of dissent in Kashmir. They argued the conviction was based mainly on speech and ideology rather than violent acts. The court acknowledged no direct evidence of inciting violence but cited Andrabi’s statements endorsing separatist ideas. Critics, including the Kashmir Times, questioned the court’s emphasis on her lack of remorse, saying it risked punishing beliefs rather than proven crimes.

The case has reignited debate over India’s use of the UAPA, which was expanded in 2019 to allow individuals to be labeled as terrorists, and its implications for free expression in the disputed region.