Pakistan’s parliament has approved the 27th constitutional amendment, granting Army Chief Field Marshal Asim Munir lifetime immunity from arrest and prosecution, along with broader authority over the navy and air force. The amendment also restructures the judiciary by creating a new Federal Constitutional Court whose judges will be appointed by the president, raising concerns about judicial independence. Supporters argue the changes will streamline governance and reduce case backlogs, while critics warn they entrench military dominance and erode civilian oversight. Two Supreme Court judges resigned in protest, citing the amendment’s threat to constitutional integrity. Analysts say the move marks a shift from Pakistan’s long-standing ‘hybrid’ civil-military system toward a more overtly military-dominated order. The government defends the reform as part of a modernization agenda aimed at strengthening national defense and administrative efficiency, but observers fear it signals deepening authoritarianism and further imbalance between civilian institutions and the armed forces.