The history of the West Bengal Legislative Assembly began on February 1, 1862, when Bengal’s first Legislative Council met at Belvedere in Alipore under Governor John Peter Grant. Formed under the Indian Councils Act of 1861, the council initially had 12 nominated members. Over the decades, membership expanded, and by 1919 the council had 125 members with a formal presiding officer. The first elected members joined in 1892, marking the start of representative participation.

The assembly’s current building was founded in 1928 and inaugurated in 1931. The Government of India Act of 1935 created a bicameral legislature with a Legislative Assembly and a Legislative Council. The first assembly election in 1937 produced a hung house, leading A.K. Fazlul Huq to form a coalition government. After India’s independence, 90 members from West Bengal joined the reconstituted provincial legislature in 1947, and the first state assembly session under the Indian Constitution was held in 1952.

In 1969, the Legislative Council was abolished, making the West Bengal legislature unicameral. The assembly now has 294 members, reduced from 295 after the Anglo-Indian reserved seat was removed in 2019.