Nearly three decades after the signing of the 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) Peace Accord, Bangladesh continues to face persistent instability and security challenges in the region. The accord, intended to end decades of armed conflict and foster trust among hill communities, remains only partially implemented. Key provisions such as land dispute resolution, administrative autonomy, and demilitarization have seen limited progress. Instead, new armed groups have emerged, extortion and abductions have increased, and tensions between hill and Bengali populations persist. Analysts argue that India's geopolitical interests in the region have contributed to ongoing unrest by supporting certain insurgent factions. Critics also question whether the reduction of army presence was a strategic mistake, as it allowed militant influence to grow. Experts now call for renewed military presence, effective land commission operations, and stronger diplomatic measures to counter external interference. Despite the accord’s promise, true peace and integration in the CHT remain elusive, raising concerns over Bangladesh’s internal security and sovereignty.