China has deployed private militias, largely composed of former PLA personnel, to secure strategic infrastructure in Myanmar’s Rakhine State, particularly around the key port town Kyaukphyu. These militias go beyond guarding, reportedly engaging in drone operations and sniper attacks against insurgents, marking a shift to active conflict involvement. This unofficial military presence supports China’s Belt and Road investments while avoiding formal troop deployment. However, it raises local mistrust, heightens risks of violence, and challenges Myanmar’s sovereignty amid growing geopolitical tensions.