A new study titled “Assistance Reduces Persistence and Hurts Independent Performance” has found that while artificial intelligence (AI) tools can boost immediate task performance, they may harm long-term cognitive abilities such as independent thinking, persistence, and problem-solving. The research, jointly conducted by teams from the United States and the United Kingdom, involved 1,222 participants across multiple randomized controlled trials. After only ten minutes of AI use, participants showed signs of dependency, and when AI assistance was withdrawn, their accuracy and willingness to continue solving problems dropped sharply.

The study used an OpenAI GPT-5-based system to assist one group in solving fraction-based math problems, while another group worked without help. When AI support was removed midway, performance among AI users declined significantly, a pattern repeated in larger follow-up tests. Co-author Rachit Dube of the University of California, Los Angeles, warned that rapid AI adoption in education could create a generation unaware of its own capabilities, potentially harming creativity and innovation.

Researchers noted a positive finding: participants who used AI for hints or explanations, rather than direct answers, maintained better independent performance. The study has not yet undergone peer review and is considered preliminary.