The al-Qaeda-linked group Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) is intensifying attacks across West Africa, especially in Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger. Despite military coups in these countries, JNIM has expanded control, imposing strict Sharia law and increasing violence. The group finances operations through livestock theft, taxation, and smuggling. Efforts by regional and international forces have so far failed to contain JNIM’s growth, raising fears of long-term instability and insecurity in the Sahel region.