Three distinguished researchers—Mary Branco and Fred Ramsdell from the United States, and Shimon Sakaguchi from Japan—have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for their pioneering work on peripheral immune tolerance. This vital mechanism helps the immune system avoid attacking the body’s own cells or harmless external elements such as food components and beneficial gut bacteria. The announcement was made by Sweden’s Karolinska Institute in Stockholm at 3:30 PM Bangladesh time on Monday. The laureates will receive a medal, a certificate, and a total prize of 11 million Swedish kronor (approximately 1.2 million USD or 146 million BDT), to be shared among them. The discovery has major implications for autoimmune disease treatment and immune regulation research, shaping the future of medical science.