According to the US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (HRANA), at least 1,464 civilians, including 217 children, have been killed in Iran during the first month of the ongoing conflict that began on February 28. The Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) reported dropping more than 12,000 bombs across Iran, including 3,600 on Tehran alone. The US Central Command stated that it has carried out strikes on over 9,000 targets throughout the country.

Many of the attacks targeted police stations, Basij militia buildings, military and police universities, IRGC residences, and suspected ammunition depots, several of which were located in densely populated areas. Residents told BBC Eye that the strikes on residential zones have heightened anger, even among those previously critical of the Iranian government. The IDF confirmed the attacks but declined further comment, while the US Department of Defense did not respond.

Iran has also launched attacks on civilian infrastructure in neighboring countries, including airports and hotels in Gulf states allied with Washington. Tehran residents expressed frustration over the lack of visible safety measures or evacuation support, as internet disruptions and unclear guidance have left many feeling unsafe and uncertain.