A two-day referendum on judicial reform began in Italy on Sunday, marking a crucial political test for Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni. She has endorsed the proposed changes, arguing they will make the judicial system more independent and efficient. The government’s plan includes separating the roles of judges and prosecutors and revising oversight mechanisms through constitutional amendments.

According to AFP, the referendum is not only part of the reform process but also a measure of Meloni’s leadership and popularity ahead of upcoming elections. Meloni stated in a video message that the reform would modernize the judiciary, ensure merit-based advancement, and strengthen accountability while keeping it free from political influence. Critics, however, argue that the proposal could undermine judicial independence.

Opinion polls show the “yes” and “no” camps are nearly tied, leaving the outcome uncertain. A defeat would be a political setback for Meloni, though she has said she does not plan to resign regardless of the result. Voting is set to conclude Monday at 14:00 GMT, with preliminary results expected the same day.