A new analysis by the Brookings Institution has found that more than 100,000 children were separated from their parents during the Trump administration’s intensified immigration enforcement in the United States. The report estimates that around 205,000 children experienced some form of separation, with about 145,000 of them being U.S.-born citizens. Researchers said official figures understate the scale of the issue because authorities often fail to record data about detainees’ children or families conceal information out of fear.

Analysts noted that the current situation surpasses the 2018 “zero tolerance” policy, when about 5,500 children were separated at the southern border. The report includes personal accounts, such as that of a detained mother in Texas who has been separated from her two-year-old U.S.-born son since last year. The Department of Homeland Security stated that detained parents can either leave the country with their children or assign guardianship, but researchers found many children remain in uncertain care arrangements.

Child welfare experts warned that most separated children live with relatives or acquaintances lacking legal authority or financial stability. Advocacy groups reported rising requests for custody planning assistance, while experts cautioned that intensified immigration raids could further increase family separations and harm children’s mental and social well-being.