A report by U.S.-based research group Oil Change International has revealed that 25 countries supplied Israel with crude and refined petroleum products during its two-year assault on Gaza. The report, released at the UN climate conference in Brazil, shows that between November 2023 and October 2025, Israel received 21.2 million metric tons of fuel in 323 shipments. Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan provided about 70% of the crude oil, while Russia, Greece, and the United States were the main suppliers of refined petroleum. Turkey and Russia also sent millions of tons of crude oil, and the U.S. supplied 360,000 tons of JP8 jet fuel used for military aircraft. The report argues that the same fossil fuel system driving the climate crisis is also fueling international conflicts and atrocities. Activists and analysts warn that continued fuel exports to Israel may implicate states in violations of international law related to genocide and war crimes.