Thailand held national elections on Sunday to form a new government after changing prime ministers three times in two years. The vote pits the reformist People’s Party, which won the most votes in the previous election, against the ruling conservative bloc. Former prime minister Thaksin Shinawatra, currently imprisoned, continues to exert significant influence over Thai politics. Alongside the election, a referendum is being held on whether constitutional reform is needed, though no specific proposal has been presented.

According to reports from Bangkok, the incoming government will face challenges including a long-standing border dispute with Cambodia that turned deadly twice last year and the growing threat of transnational cyber fraud networks. Economically, Thailand is under pressure from weak growth and a tourism sector still below pre-pandemic levels, while Vietnam is overtaking it in attracting foreign investment.

Analysts predict no party will win an outright majority, raising the possibility of another fragmented outcome similar to the disputed election less than three years ago. They warn that entrenched military and judicial influence continues to weaken elected representatives and hinder democratic consolidation.