Lake Assal, a highly saline lake in central-western Djibouti, lies 155 metres below sea level and is described as Africa’s lowest land point. The source places it in one of Africa’s hottest and driest regions, west of Djibouti City. Its water is said to be about 10 times saltier than seawater, containing more than 350 grams of salt per litre.
The lake formed in its current shape roughly one to four million years ago through volcanic activity and changes in the Earth’s surface, according to the source. It says the lake had been at sea level during an earlier geological era, while faulting and volcanic activity continue nearby. Lake Assal is surrounded by volcanoes and black lava fields, with bright white salt deposits that resemble dunes.
Geothermal wells have been drilled around the lake to supply electricity. The source says a thermal power plant produces 50 megawatts, using underground heated water and hot springs reaching up to 360 degrees Celsius. Salt is also produced as water evaporates in the heat; the source states that six million tonnes are exported annually after meeting Djibouti’s domestic demand.
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