Human rights organization Odhikar reported that in 2025, India’s Border Security Force (BSF) committed severe abuses, including killings and torture, and illegally pushed more than 2,500 Muslims and Bengali-speaking people into Bangladesh. Among those forced across the border were Indian citizens and Rohingya refugees, according to the group’s annual human rights statistics released on Wednesday.

The report also detailed Bangladesh’s internal political and human rights situation in 2025, noting continued violence, extortion, and factional conflicts despite hopes for reform after the 2024 uprising. It documented allegations of torture and extrajudicial killings by law enforcement, ongoing political clashes among major parties, and persistent labor unrest in the garment sector. The interim government ratified the Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture in July 2025 and amended the National Human Rights Commission Act to strengthen detainee protections.

Odhikar’s findings further highlighted that enforced disappearances and human rights abuses declined under the interim government, while freedom of expression increased compared to the previous authoritarian period.