China has expanded its intelligence and defense cooperation with Iran to counter Israeli Mossad infiltration following the June 2025 Israeli attacks that exposed major gaps in Iran’s air defense systems. Beijing views Mossad’s penetration of Iran’s security and intelligence networks as a direct threat to its strategic interests in the Middle East. In response, China has begun assisting Tehran in identifying and arresting active Mossad agents, strengthening Iran’s cyber defenses, and supplying advanced surveillance satellites and radar systems.

Reports indicate that China and Russia are helping Iran investigate how Israeli agents accessed sensitive government databases. Beijing is also supporting Iran’s shift from Western GPS systems to China’s Beidou navigation network to reduce vulnerability to hacking. Under its 15th Five-Year Plan (2026–2030), China has prioritized cyber and artificial intelligence cooperation to protect Iran’s digital sovereignty from Israeli and American interference.

China’s broader strategy includes rebuilding Iran’s missile defense, transferring key rocket fuel and guidance technologies, and promoting intelligence coordination through the Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Beijing considers these steps essential to maintaining regional stability and safeguarding its Belt and Road Initiative interests.