Critical minerals are emerging as a new form of strategic power in the 21st-century economy, technology and geopolitics, according to an article by researcher Anubha Mishra published on August 31, 2026. Lithium, cobalt, nickel, graphite, rare earths, copper, gallium and germanium are increasingly essential for electric vehicles, renewable energy, semiconductors, defence technology and digital infrastructure.

The article argues that mineral reserves alone do not ensure strategic strength. Countries also need capacity for extraction, processing, separation, refining, component manufacturing and recycling. China is cited as an important example because of its investments in mines, processing, refining and manufacturing, particularly in rare-earth processing and battery materials. Recent restrictions on exports of selected critical minerals also show how supply chains can be used as part of state strategy.

For India, rising ambitions in electric vehicles, renewable energy, semiconductors, defence modernisation and telecommunications will require substantial mineral supplies. The country has launched initiatives including a critical-minerals list, expanded exploration, commercial mining and a national mission. The article also stresses international partnerships, environmental safeguards, local participation, recycling, alternative materials and research into new battery technologies.