A memorandum of understanding between the United States and Iran has emerged following a month-long war that began after Washington decided to attack Iran on February 28. The conflict caused thousands of deaths in Iran and Lebanon, including many civilians. Despite facing a joint US-Israeli military campaign, Iran’s government survived and even strengthened its position, leveraging its experience in national security and resilience.

Iran’s closure of the Strait of Hormuz, a key route for one-fifth of global oil and gas supply, severely disrupted the world economy and pressured US President Donald Trump to make concessions. Under the memorandum, the US agreed to lift its blockade of Iranian ports, ease oil export sanctions, and begin releasing billions of dollars in frozen Iranian assets, effectively restoring the situation to February 27, before the war began.

The memorandum also calls for ending the war in Lebanon and sets a 60-day framework for talks on Iran’s nuclear program. Analysts view the war as a major foreign policy failure for Trump and a potential turning point for Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s political career.