More than 1.5 million foreign pilgrims have arrived in Mecca, Saudi Arabia, for this year’s Hajj despite ongoing war in the Middle East, regional tensions, and severe desert heat. According to Saudi authorities, the number of international pilgrims has already surpassed last year’s total, even as air travel disruptions and higher costs followed the Iran-Israel conflict that began in late February. Hajj rituals officially begin Monday, and the total number of pilgrims is expected to rise further.

Extreme temperatures exceeding 40 degrees Celsius have made conditions difficult, with forecasts warning of highs up to 47 degrees. Many pilgrims are struggling to perform prayers outdoors during the day. Saudi authorities have deployed extensive cooling measures at the Grand Mosque, including advanced air-conditioning, mist sprayers, and chilled flooring, while distributing free cold water. Over 50,000 health workers and 3,000 ambulances are on standby, and 144 heatstroke cases have already been treated.

Pilgrims began gathering in Mina on Monday before proceeding to Arafat on Tuesday for the main Hajj rituals, maintaining a spirit of devotion despite the heat and regional instability.