Captain Ibrahim Traore, the 38-year-old military officer who took power in Burkina Faso through a 2022 coup, faces growing scrutiny despite his popularity beyond the country. Supporters portray him as a symbol of national sovereignty and resistance to foreign influence, while questions persist over restrictions on political activity, an ongoing security crisis and the delivery of his national renewal promises. In April, Traore told Burkinabe people to “forget democracy,” arguing the country was in a revolutionary period rather than a democratic phase.

His government has withdrawn French troops, strengthened ties with Russia and prioritised local industry and agriculture. It says it has increased investment in rice and maize production, promoted local manufacturing and processing, and expanded state participation in infrastructure and strategic economic sectors. The government has also expanded the Volunteers for the Defense of the Homeland, a civilian force supporting the army.

Armed groups linked to al-Qaeda and IS continue to threaten the country, according to security expert Mustafa Bature Sallama. More than two million people have been displaced and millions need humanitarian assistance, he said. Independent verification of official security claims is difficult because journalists, researchers and humanitarian organisations face limited access. Authorities dissolved political parties and suspended political activities in January, while an extended military transition has delayed a return to civilian rule.