After weeks of negotiations, the United States and Iran reached a preliminary 14-clause memorandum of understanding aimed at ending hostilities and reopening the Strait of Hormuz. The agreement, signed by US President Donald Trump and Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian, includes commitments to lift sanctions, ease naval blockades, and establish a $300 billion reconstruction fund for Iran. Both sides have 60 days to finalize a comprehensive deal, with the option to extend discussions.

However, the fragile accord faces serious threats. Israel’s continued military operations in Lebanon, despite calls for restraint, have raised doubts about regional stability. Iran insists that ending the Lebanon conflict is integral to the peace process, while Israel maintains its right to self-defense. Analysts warn that renewed clashes could derail diplomatic progress before substantive nuclear talks begin.

Further uncertainty surrounds Iran’s enriched uranium stockpile and the reopening of the Hormuz Strait. Technical challenges, including mine clearance and maritime security, could delay implementation. Experts caution that the memorandum remains only a framework, not a final solution, and that the hardest negotiations are yet to come.