Three American scientists — John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis — have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering research on macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in electrical circuits. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced their names on Tuesday, noting that their discoveries have opened a new frontier in quantum physics by linking microscopic quantum behaviors to large-scale physical systems. Their experiments demonstrated that superconducting circuits can transition between energy states via quantum tunneling — a phenomenon resembling an object passing through a wall. They also proved that such systems absorb and emit energy in discrete quantities, perfectly aligning with quantum predictions. Each laureate will share the 11 million Swedish kronor prize equally. The Nobel season will continue with announcements for chemistry, literature, peace, and economics throughout the week.