Former Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina, now 78, is facing possible execution if found guilty of crimes against humanity, according to The Telegraph. Tried by Bangladesh’s International Crimes Tribunal, Hasina is accused of ordering lethal force against anti-government demonstrators in 2024, resulting in around 1,400 deaths. Prosecutors allege that victims’ bodies were burned and the injured denied medical aid. The defense argues police acted in self-defense. Arrest warrants have been issued for Hasina and her former home minister, believed to be in India. Former police chief Abdullah Al-Mamun confessed to carrying out attacks under her orders. The final verdict is expected by mid-November, and her assets could be seized if convicted. Meanwhile, Hasina’s Awami League has been banned from elections as the BNP emerges as the favorite ahead of the February 2025 polls.

China has dismissed nine senior generals in what observers call the country’s biggest military shake-up in decades. The Chinese Communist Party accused the officers of serious economic crimes and expelled them from both the military and the Party. Among those removed are He Weidong, Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission and China’s second-most powerful military leader after President Xi Jinping, as well as Rocket Force commander Wang Houbin and Political Work Department chief Miao Hua. Analysts suggest that beyond corruption charges, the purge reflects Xi Jinping’s continued consolidation of power and efforts to root out perceived disloyalty within the armed forces. The move follows a recent directive from the Central Military Commission aimed at eliminating “toxic influences” and enforcing strict discipline in the ranks.

Sweden has announced a large-scale food stockpiling initiative in response to growing fears of a potential Third World War as Russia’s military continues its advance in Ukraine. The Swedish Board of Agriculture said the government aims to ensure national food security should global conflict erupt. The plan includes a $57 million allocation to build food warehouses between 2026 and 2028, capable of sustaining every citizen with a minimum of 3,000 calories per day during wartime. Neighboring Finland will begin training its citizens next month on managing daily life under war conditions. Meanwhile, the Kremlin dismissed Sweden’s move as part of what it called “Western anti-Russian hysteria,” questioning why a world war would start because of Russia. Analysts say Sweden’s actions mark one of the strongest signs yet that Europe is bracing for potential large-scale instability.

U.S. President Donald Trump has admitted to a “submarine strike” in the Caribbean Sea, claiming it targeted a vessel used for large-scale drug trafficking. Speaking at the White House alongside Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky on October 17, Trump offered no proof that the vessel was indeed a submarine or involved in narcotics smuggling. According to Reuters, two survivors were captured while two others were killed. U.S. officials assert the operation was part of anti-narcotics efforts near Venezuela, though critics argue it violates international law. Venezuela has urged the UN Security Council to declare the attacks illegal, and Colombia’s president suggested some victims were his citizens. Trump also alleged that Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro had offered major concessions to ease tensions. As Washington expands its executive powers under anti-immigrant and anti-drug justifications, fears grow that the confrontation may edge closer to open conflict.

Saudi Arabia has announced a grand development plan surrounding Mecca’s Holy Grand Mosque under the name “King Salman Gate.” Spanning 12 million square meters, the project will feature high-rise towers offering prayer spaces, residential, commercial, cultural, and hotel facilities. Designed to accommodate up to 900,000 worshippers simultaneously, the expansion will also create 300,000 new jobs. Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman will oversee the implementation, aiming to enhance the spiritual and infrastructural experience of pilgrims. Developed by Rua Al Haramain Al Makki, the project is part of Saudi Arabia’s broader Vision 2030 initiative, which seeks to welcome 30 million Hajj pilgrims annually. AI-generated visuals reveal futuristic skyscrapers rising beside Mecca, symbolizing modernity and faith merging in the holiest Islamic city.

Following violent clashes with police at the South Plaza of Bangladesh’s National Parliament, the protest group known as the “July Warriors” has announced a nationwide highway blockade. Police used tear gas and batons to disperse protesters after they broke through the gates and entered the Parliament area, setting fires and vandalizing property. Masud Rana Saurav, chief organizer of the July Warriors Council, declared a three-hour highway blockade in all districts from 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM on Sunday, October 19. The protesters demand that the July martyrs be recognized as national heroes, that injured and disabled protesters receive constitutional recognition as heroes, and that a rehabilitation roadmap be announced for victims and their families. They also called for legal immunity and protection from harassment until allegations against them are proven. Security forces have since tightened control around the Parliament complex.

National Citizen Party (NCP) member-secretary Akhtar Hossain has said that if the unresolved aspects of the July Charter are not addressed, the party will make its next move in consultation with the people. Speaking to reporters on Friday, he explained that despite efforts to secure government assurances before signing, the roadmap for implementation remains unclear. As a result, the NCP chose not to participate in the Charter’s signing ceremony. Akhtar added that during the extended period granted to the Consensus Commission, the NCP expects clarification on implementation, resolution of disputes, a transparent draft order, and the inclusion of 2026 as a reference year for constitutional integration of political parties. He emphasized that if discussions fail to resolve these issues, the NCP will continue dialogue with the Commission while mobilizing people through political programs to ensure sustainable realization of the party’s reform goals.

After months of extensive discussions, the July Charter was officially signed on 17 October, a milestone hailed by Legal Advisor Dr. Asif Nazrul. He expressed his satisfaction over the finalization of the charter’s content, calling the event “grand” and a significant achievement. However, the absence of student leaders from the National Citizens’ Party (NCP), who had led the July uprising, left him feeling regretful. Nazrul noted that while the leaders were not present, they had indicated that the Consensus Commission would continue functioning for another 15 days, during which they would consider additional matters, and could sign later if necessary. Emphasizing inclusivity, he added that the process would have been better if all stakeholders had participated together. The signing of the July Charter marks a historic moment in the ongoing political reconciliation process in the country.

On Friday, July freedom fighters staged a protest at the South Plaza of the National Parliament ahead of the scheduled signing ceremony of the July National Charter. They presented three demands: amend the charter, permanently incorporate it into the constitution, and officially recognize July fighters. Long before the ceremony began, they occupied the parliament premises, refusing to leave despite appeals. Dr. Ali Riaz, Vice-Chairman of the National Consensus Commission, announced that urgent amendments were being made to the charter’s fifth pledge to meet their demands, ensuring recognition, dignity, and protection for the fighters. He emphasized that political parties and the commission had agreed on these changes and stated that the commission would remain in effect until October 31 to monitor implementation. Law enforcement eventually escorted the protesters out, but the commission’s commitments mark a significant step toward addressing the July fighters’ longstanding concerns.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned that Bangladesh’s upcoming national election is creating a negative impact on the country’s economic prospects. Krishna Srinivasan, Director of IMF’s Asia and Pacific Department, highlighted that political uncertainty and election-related factors are contributing to a slowdown in economic growth. The IMF cited three key reasons for the downward GDP revision: tighter monetary policies and financial sector weaknesses limiting credit flow, uncertainty due to additional U.S. tariffs, and political instability surrounding the election. Bangladesh’s GDP forecast for the fiscal year has been revised down to 4.9 percent from earlier projections of 6.5 percent in April and 5.4 percent in June. Inflation could reach 8.5 percent by year-end due to supply shortages. The IMF emphasized the need for continued financial reforms and improved revenue collection, and a mission will soon review the ongoing $5.5 billion loan program.

Saudi Arabia is in advanced discussions with the United States to establish a major defense agreement, potentially to be signed during Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s visit to the White House next month. According to the Financial Times, while negotiations are ongoing, the details of the pact have not yet been finalized. Sources indicate the agreement could resemble the U.S.-Qatar defense pact, in which any military attack on Qatar would be treated as an attack on the United States. The discussions occur amid regional tensions involving Iran and Israel. Last month, Saudi Arabia also signed a mutual defense pact with nuclear-armed Pakistan, signaling a shift toward strengthening strategic partnerships in the Middle East. U.S. officials and the Saudi government have not issued formal statements, but analysts suggest the potential pact could alter regional strategic balances and deepen Saudi-U.S. military collaboration.

National Citizens Party (NCP) convener Nahid Islam has criticized certain political parties for misleading the public under the banner of national unity. Speaking at the inauguration of the National Workers’ Force on 17 October, he said signing the July Charter or holding party meetings does not constitute genuine national unity. Nahid emphasized that true unity requires people from all professions, especially workers, to collaborate for the country’s welfare. He highlighted the lack of discussion on labor and health sectors, with reform commissions focusing only on elections. He also condemned the exploitation of workers, the undervaluation of their lives, and protection of past mafias’ businesses. Nahid asserted that the Workers’ Force will stand with those sustaining the nation’s economy and called for real reforms and justice.

Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami Executive Committee member and Rangpur-2 candidate ATM Azharul Islam emphasized the need for a referendum before the next national elections to provide legal legitimacy to the upcoming July charter, which reflects the spirit of the historic mass uprising. Speaking at a roadshow in Daluya village, Badarganj, he highlighted that Bangladesh has abundant wealth but lacks honest and capable leadership, citing the siphoning of 27,000 crore Taka abroad over the last 54 years. He promised that if Jamaat-e-Islami comes to power, corruption will be eradicated, and teachers and other professionals will receive their rightful benefits. Azhar also remembered those who sacrificed their lives for systemic change and expressed gratitude to supporters who prayed for his release from death row, pledging to serve the people faithfully until his last moments.

Iran’s top security official, Ali Larijani, met with Russian President Vladimir Putin in Moscow and delivered a direct message from Iran’s Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei. Larijani, who serves as both Secretary of the Supreme National Security Council and an advisor to Khamenei, arrived in Russia on Thursday, October 16. During the discussions, both sides focused on strengthening bilateral relations, enhancing economic cooperation, addressing regional development, and coordinating on international matters. The meeting comes shortly after Russian President Putin revealed that Israeli authorities asked him to convey to Iran that they are not seeking conflict and wish to reduce tensions. Speaking at the Central Asia-Russia summit in Dushanbe, Putin emphasized that Israel remains committed to peaceful resolution and has requested that the message be shared with Iranian leaders. Analysts suggest this meeting reflects Tehran and Moscow’s continued engagement on strategic regional and international concerns.

Dr. AZM Zahid Hossain, member of BNP’s National Standing Committee, emphasized that whether a political party signs the July Charter is entirely its own decision. Speaking on Friday morning at an event organized by the newly formed convening committee of the Diploma Medical Association of Bangladesh (DIMAB), he paid tribute at Ziaur Rahman’s grave. Dr. Zahid highlighted the sacrifices and participation of countless citizens, warning that hesitation or doubt over the July Charter could jeopardize Bangladesh’s credibility on the global stage. He stressed that since the state has undertaken the responsibility of signing and implementing the charter, no disagreement should arise, and all parties should participate. He also cautioned that refusal to sign could create uncertainty and concern among the public. Today, the July National Charter signing ceremony is scheduled at the South Plaza of the National Parliament Building, with top leaders of various political parties attending, though the NCP will not participate.