Iran launched three remote-sensing satellites—Tolou-3, Zafar-2, and Kowsar-1.5—into orbit on Sunday from Russia’s Vostochny Cosmodrome. The satellites were carried aboard a Soyuz-2.1b launch vehicle as part of a multi-payload mission. This marks the seventh time Iran has used a Russian rocket for satellite deployment, according to the Mehr news agency.

Hassan Salarieh, head of Iran’s Space Agency, said the launch signals a bright future for the country’s space sector and is the first instance of Iran sending multiple satellites into space simultaneously. Among the satellites, Tolou-3 is Iran’s heaviest and most advanced observation satellite to date, weighing 150 kilograms. About 80 percent of its components were manufactured domestically, representing a major step toward the localization of satellite cluster technology.

Iran also plans to launch its first telecommunications satellite cluster, named “Shahid Soleimani,” next year, continuing its efforts to expand national space capabilities.

Russia’s state space agency Roscosmos has announced plans to construct a nuclear power plant on the Moon by 2036. The facility is expected to supply electricity to Russia’s lunar exploration program and a planned joint Russia-China research base. The project will be developed in partnership with the Lavochkin Association, with participation from the state nuclear corporation Rosatom and the Kurchatov Institute, Russia’s leading nuclear research center.

The initiative marks Moscow’s renewed ambition to regain prominence in space exploration after setbacks such as the crash of its Luna-25 lander in 2023. Roscosmos described the proposed power plant as a critical step toward establishing a sustainable lunar presence. Although the agency did not explicitly confirm the plant’s nuclear nature, the involvement of major nuclear institutions strongly indicates that direction.

Analysts view the project as part of Russia’s broader strategy to compete with the United States and China in lunar development. If successful, it could enable long-term human and robotic operations on the Moon, though technical and financial challenges remain significant.

On December 21, 2025, countries across the Northern Hemisphere, including Bangladesh, experienced the longest night and shortest day of the year, marking the winter solstice. The astronomical event occurs when the Northern Hemisphere tilts farthest from the Sun, resulting in reduced daylight hours and the official onset of winter.

Scientists explain that Earth’s axial tilt causes seasonal variations as the planet orbits the Sun. Around June 21, the Northern Hemisphere leans toward the Sun, creating the longest day, known as the summer solstice. Conversely, in December, the Southern Hemisphere tilts sunward, bringing summer to the south and winter to the north.

The winter solstice has cultural and scientific significance, symbolizing renewal and the gradual lengthening of days ahead. Meteorological departments in South Asia noted cooler temperatures and longer nights, though no severe cold wave was reported. The event also serves as a reminder of Earth’s dynamic relationship with the Sun and its impact on global climate patterns.

Blue Origin, the space company founded by billionaire Jeff Bezos, is set to make history by sending the first wheelchair-using woman into space. Mikela Benthaus, a spacecraft and mechatronics engineer, will join five other crew members aboard the New Shepard rocket for the upcoming NS-37 suborbital mission. The flight will cross the Kármán line, 62 miles above Earth, marking the internationally recognized boundary of space.

Benthaus, who became paralyzed after a 2018 motorcycle accident, has since been an advocate for inclusive space exploration. Joining her on the mission will be engineer Hans Koenigsmann, entrepreneur Neil Milc, investor Joey Hyde, Adonis Porolis, and space enthusiast Jason Stansell. The crew will experience several minutes of microgravity before returning to Earth during the 10–12 minute flight.

This will be Blue Origin’s 16th human spaceflight and its latest step toward expanding accessibility in commercial space travel. The company has previously flown 86 people past the Kármán line, with 80 of them being first-time space travelers.

Archaeologists in Iran have discovered a prehistoric village estimated to be around 7,000 years old beneath the historic Belad Shapur area of Dehdasht city. The excavation, led by researcher Zabihollah Masoudinia, revealed settlement layers dating back to the 5th and 6th millennia BCE, marking the first formal archaeological exploration in the region. The find includes pottery fragments and cultural artifacts that suggest continuous habitation from the Neolithic to the Islamic periods.

Masoudinia noted that the discovery could redefine Dehdasht’s historical significance. Beneath medieval and Islamic-era structures, researchers uncovered evidence of early human technology, including heated stone fragments used for warming liquids. The team also found remnants of an ancient qanat water system in the city’s northern area, indicating advanced water management practices.

Experts believe the discovery will prompt further excavations and research into Iran’s early urban development. A small research center has been established at the site to study the deeper layers and preserve the artifacts for future analysis.

A new study by the Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) under India’s Ministry of Science and Technology has revealed that nano-plastics generated from single-use plastics such as PET bottles can severely disrupt key biological processes in the human body. Published in the journal *Nanoscale Advances*, the research led by Prashant Sharma and Sakshi Dagria shows that prolonged exposure to nano-plastics can impair beneficial gut bacteria, reduce their defense mechanisms, and increase antibiotic sensitivity. Laboratory tests demonstrated that these particles damage red blood cell membranes, cause oxidative stress, DNA damage, inflammation, and even trigger apoptosis, a form of programmed cell death linked to cancer. The findings highlight that nano-plastics—tiny synthetic particles measuring between 1 and 1000 nanometers—pose emerging health risks by interfering with gut health, blood stability, and cellular metabolism. Researchers warn that long-term exposure to such particles could lead to significant physiological and genetic harm, underscoring the urgent need for stricter plastic waste management and further biomedical research.

Researchers are making significant progress in developing lab-grown versions of the world’s rarest blood type, known as Rh-null or 'Golden Blood', which occurs in only one out of every six million people. This blood type lacks all 50 Rh antigens, making it compatible with nearly all Rh blood types but extremely difficult to find for transfusions. Scientists from the University of Bristol, Laval University in Canada, and institutions in Barcelona are using CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology to remove key antigens from stem cells, creating universal or Rh-null-like red blood cells. The research aims to produce blood that can be safely transfused to patients regardless of blood group, potentially revolutionizing transfusion medicine. However, experts caution that large-scale production and clinical application remain years away due to strict regulations and the need for extensive trials. The work, led by Professor Toye and others, also includes non-gene-edited lab-grown blood trials under the RESTORE project, marking the world’s first human testing of lab-produced red blood cells.

Chattogram is set to host its first-ever international scientific conference, the 'SMCH Summit 2025', on December 4 at the Southan Medical College campus. The daylong event will bring together more than 500 researchers and physicians from across Bangladesh and abroad. Chattogram Medical University Vice-Chancellor Prof. Dr. Omar Faruk Yusuf will attend as chief guest at the opening session, while Chattogram City Corporation Mayor Dr. Shahadat Hossain will be the chief guest at the closing ceremony. The summit, themed 'Bridging Health, Science, and Humanity', will feature 63 scientific papers, including four by international researchers from Indonesia, South Korea, the United States, and the United Kingdom. Key topics include medical education, accreditation, technology, public health, geriatrics, microbiology, and various branches of clinical medicine. The event aims to foster collaboration and knowledge exchange among medical professionals and researchers.

Scientists worldwide are attempting to develop a laboratory-made version of the rarest blood type, Rh-null, often called 'Golden Blood'. Found in only about one in six million people, this blood lacks all 50 known Rh antigens, making it compatible with nearly all Rh blood groups. Due to its extreme rarity—only around 50 people globally have it—researchers are exploring genetic and stem cell technologies to replicate it. Teams in the UK, Canada, the US, and Spain are using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and stem cell methods to produce customized red blood cells. Although large-scale production remains challenging due to cell maturation and technical hurdles, clinical trials like the UK’s RESTORE project have begun testing lab-grown blood in humans. Experts believe that while traditional donors will still be needed, lab-produced rare blood could revolutionize transfusion medicine and save lives in the future.

The world’s first farm dedicated to producing lab-grown or cultured meat is being established in the village of Schipluijden, located in South Holland, the Netherlands. The project, led by cheese producer Kaaren van Leeuwen, will install its first production module this week on a former dairy farm. Cultured meat, first conceptualized by researcher Willem van Eelen and realized in 2013 by Maastricht University’s Mark Post with Google funding, uses stem cells from animal muscle tissue to grow meat without slaughter. The initiative aims to reduce animal suffering and environmental impact associated with intensive livestock farming. The pilot project will produce cultured beef directly on-site, and by spring 2026, an experience center will open to allow visitors to observe the entire process. The production involves cultivating animal cells in a bioreactor under controlled conditions with nutrients like amino acids, sugars, vitamins, and growth hormones, replicating the natural environment inside an animal’s body.

China has launched an unmanned spacecraft, Shenzhou-22, to assist three astronauts stranded aboard the Tiangong space station after their return capsule, Shenzhou-20, was damaged by suspected orbital debris. The Long March-2F rocket carrying the rescue craft lifted off from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center on November 25, successfully docking with Tiangong. The China Manned Space Agency confirmed that astronauts Zhang Lu, Wu Fei, and Zhang Hongzhang remain in orbit, continuing their mission until safe return conditions are restored. The damage to the Shenzhou-20 capsule had delayed their return to Earth, prompting the emergency backup launch. This marks another milestone in China’s expanding space program, following the record-setting Shenzhou-21 mission, during which three astronauts spent 204 days in orbit conducting scientific experiments, including studies involving laboratory mice.

Scientists have warned that multiple geomagnetic storms are striking Earth this week, following several coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from the Sun. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) classified the event as a G4-level geomagnetic storm, indicating severe intensity. The storms have already caused temporary radio blackouts in parts of Africa and Europe and may disrupt satellite communications and power grids. However, they have also produced spectacular aurora displays visible across regions of the United States, Canada, and northern Europe. The solar activity is part of the Sun’s 11-year magnetic cycle, currently at its peak, which has led to frequent auroral sightings in recent months. While not directly harmful to humans, such storms can interfere with GPS navigation, aviation communication, and satellite operations.

Three American scientists — John Clarke, Michel Devoret, and John Martinis — have been awarded the 2025 Nobel Prize in Physics for their pioneering research on macroscopic quantum tunneling and energy quantization in electrical circuits. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences announced their names on Tuesday, noting that their discoveries have opened a new frontier in quantum physics by linking microscopic quantum behaviors to large-scale physical systems. Their experiments demonstrated that superconducting circuits can transition between energy states via quantum tunneling — a phenomenon resembling an object passing through a wall. They also proved that such systems absorb and emit energy in discrete quantities, perfectly aligning with quantum predictions. Each laureate will share the 11 million Swedish kronor prize equally. The Nobel season will continue with announcements for chemistry, literature, peace, and economics throughout the week.

Tim Friede from Wisconsin has voluntarily endured over 200 snake bites and 650 venom injections over two decades to build immunity and aid scientific research. His unique resistance inspired scientists to develop a potential universal antivenom using his blood. A study published in Cell confirmed success in mice. The antivenom worked against venom from 13 out of 19 snake species. Researchers now plan animal trials in Australia. Friede, now working at biotech firm Centivax, says he’s proud of his role in saving lives.